History of Reefing
Mother Nature on “Day One”
Ocean’s reclamation of material—natural concretion process
Forms of Cultured Reefs: Reef balls, rigs-to-reefs, vehicles, subway trains, “eternal”, ships
Japanese—1700’s, S.C.—1860’s, using trees
1972 Liberty Ships by USDC, 1984 National Fishing Enhancement Act
1985 Nat’l Artificial Reef Plan, New Jersey- 50 years
Ala, N.C., Maine, MI, FL., World-wide: ARSBC
California: Hundreds by accident, The Yukon in 2000 intentional as cultured reef,

HOW IT’S DONE
Reefing Roadmap
Public Relations with business, government, environmental groups.
Army Corps of Engineers does Environmental Impact Study on proposed sites—EPA must approve.
Fish and Game of California approves.
State requests ship from Federal Government—likely Suisun Bay.
Fundraising for and then cleaning, “diverising” of ship.
Ship sinking.
Enjoyment and buoy maintenance.
Environmental monitoring.